542 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
542 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
---
|
|
title: "数据可视化"
|
|
subtitle: 《区域水环境污染数据分析实践》<br>Data analysis practice of regional water environment pollution
|
|
author: 苏命、王为东<br>中国科学院大学资源与环境学院<br>中国科学院生态环境研究中心
|
|
date: today
|
|
lang: zh
|
|
format:
|
|
revealjs:
|
|
theme: dark
|
|
slide-number: true
|
|
chalkboard:
|
|
buttons: true
|
|
preview-links: auto
|
|
lang: zh
|
|
toc: true
|
|
toc-depth: 1
|
|
toc-title: 大纲
|
|
logo: ./_extensions/inst/img/ucaslogo.png
|
|
css: ./_extensions/inst/css/revealjs.css
|
|
pointer:
|
|
key: "p"
|
|
color: "#32cd32"
|
|
pointerSize: 18
|
|
revealjs-plugins:
|
|
- pointer
|
|
filters:
|
|
- d2
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| echo: false
|
|
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE)
|
|
source("../../coding/_common.R")
|
|
library(tidyverse)
|
|
library(palmerpenguins)
|
|
library(ggthemes)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 查看数据
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
penguins
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 查看数据
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
glimpse(penguins)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 效果
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| echo: false
|
|
#| warning: false
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins, with a
|
|
#| best fit line of the relationship between these two variables
|
|
#| overlaid. The plot displays a positive, fairly linear, and relatively
|
|
#| strong relationship between these two variables. Species (Adelie,
|
|
#| Chinstrap, and Gentoo) are represented with different colors and
|
|
#| shapes. The relationship between body mass and flipper length is
|
|
#| roughly the same for these three species, and Gentoo penguins are
|
|
#| larger than penguins from the other two species.
|
|
penguins |>
|
|
ggplot(aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +
|
|
geom_point(aes(color = species, shape = species)) +
|
|
geom_smooth(method = "lm") +
|
|
labs(
|
|
title = "Body mass and flipper length",
|
|
subtitle = "Dimensions for Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo Penguins",
|
|
x = "Flipper length (mm)",
|
|
y = "Body mass (g)",
|
|
color = "Species",
|
|
shape = "Species"
|
|
) +
|
|
scale_color_colorblind()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分层展示
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| A blank, gray plot area.
|
|
|
|
ggplot(data = penguins)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分层展示
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| The plot shows flipper length on the x-axis, with values that range from
|
|
#| 170 to 230, and body mass on the y-axis, with values that range from 3000
|
|
#| to 6000.
|
|
|
|
ggplot(
|
|
data = penguins,
|
|
mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
|
|
)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分层展示
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. The plot
|
|
#| displays a positive, linear, and relatively strong relationship between
|
|
#| these two variables.
|
|
|
|
ggplot(
|
|
data = penguins,
|
|
mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
|
|
) +
|
|
geom_point()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分层展示
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| warning: false
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. The plot
|
|
#| displays a positive, fairly linear, and relatively strong relationship
|
|
#| between these two variables. Species (Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo)
|
|
#| are represented with different colors.
|
|
|
|
ggplot(
|
|
data = penguins,
|
|
mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g, color = species)
|
|
) +
|
|
geom_point()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分层展示
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| warning: false
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. Overlaid
|
|
#| on the scatterplot are three smooth curves displaying the
|
|
#| relationship between these variables for each species (Adelie,
|
|
#| Chinstrap, and Gentoo). Different penguin species are plotted in
|
|
#| different colors for the points and the smooth curves.
|
|
|
|
ggplot(
|
|
data = penguins,
|
|
mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g, color = species)
|
|
) +
|
|
geom_point() +
|
|
geom_smooth(method = "lm")
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分层展示
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| warning: false
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. Overlaid
|
|
#| on the scatterplot is a single line of best fit displaying the
|
|
#| relationship between these variables for each species (Adelie,
|
|
#| Chinstrap, and Gentoo). Different penguin species are plotted in
|
|
#| different colors for the points only.
|
|
|
|
ggplot(
|
|
data = penguins,
|
|
mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
|
|
) +
|
|
geom_point(mapping = aes(color = species)) +
|
|
geom_smooth(method = "lm")
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分层展示
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| warning: false
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. Overlaid
|
|
#| on the scatterplot is a single line of best fit displaying the
|
|
#| relationship between these variables for each species (Adelie,
|
|
#| Chinstrap, and Gentoo). Different penguin species are plotted in
|
|
#| different colors and shapes for the points only.
|
|
|
|
ggplot(
|
|
data = penguins,
|
|
mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
|
|
) +
|
|
geom_point(mapping = aes(color = species, shape = species)) +
|
|
geom_smooth(method = "lm")
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分层展示
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| warning: false
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins, with a
|
|
#| line of best fit displaying the relationship between these two variables
|
|
#| overlaid. The plot displays a positive, fairly linear, and relatively
|
|
#| strong relationship between these two variables. Species (Adelie,
|
|
#| Chinstrap, and Gentoo) are represented with different colors and
|
|
#| shapes. The relationship between body mass and flipper length is
|
|
#| roughly the same for these three species, and Gentoo penguins are
|
|
#| larger than penguins from the other two species.
|
|
|
|
ggplot(
|
|
data = penguins,
|
|
mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
|
|
) +
|
|
geom_point(aes(color = species, shape = species)) +
|
|
geom_smooth(method = "lm") +
|
|
labs(
|
|
title = "Body mass and flipper length",
|
|
subtitle = "Dimensions for Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo Penguins",
|
|
x = "Flipper length (mm)", y = "Body mass (g)",
|
|
color = "Species", shape = "Species"
|
|
) +
|
|
scale_color_colorblind()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 分层展示
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| echo: false
|
|
#| warning: false
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins, colored
|
|
#| by bill depth. A smooth curve of the relationship between body mass
|
|
#| and flipper length is overlaid. The relationship is positive,
|
|
#| fairly linear, and moderately strong.
|
|
|
|
ggplot(
|
|
data = penguins,
|
|
mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
|
|
) +
|
|
geom_point(aes(color = bill_depth_mm)) +
|
|
geom_smooth()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分层展示
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
ggplot(
|
|
data = penguins,
|
|
mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g, color = island)
|
|
) +
|
|
geom_point() +
|
|
geom_smooth(se = FALSE)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分层展示
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
ggplot(
|
|
data = penguins,
|
|
mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
|
|
) +
|
|
geom_point() +
|
|
geom_smooth()
|
|
|
|
ggplot() +
|
|
geom_point(
|
|
data = penguins,
|
|
mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
|
|
) +
|
|
geom_smooth(
|
|
data = penguins,
|
|
mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
|
|
)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分层展示
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
|
|
ggplot(
|
|
data = penguins,
|
|
mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
|
|
) +
|
|
geom_point()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分层展示
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +
|
|
geom_point()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 柱状图
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| A bar chart of frequencies of species of penguins: Adelie
|
|
#| (approximately 150), Chinstrap (approximately 90), Gentoo
|
|
#| (approximately 125).
|
|
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = species)) +
|
|
geom_bar()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 柱状图
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| A bar chart of frequencies of species of penguins, where the bars are
|
|
#| ordered in decreasing order of their heights (frequencies): Adelie
|
|
#| (approximately 150), Gentoo (approximately 125), Chinstrap
|
|
#| (approximately 90).
|
|
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = fct_infreq(species))) +
|
|
geom_bar()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 直方图
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| warning: false
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| A histogram of body masses of penguins. The distribution is unimodal
|
|
#| and right skewed, ranging between approximately 2500 to 6500 grams.
|
|
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g)) +
|
|
geom_histogram(binwidth = 200)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 直方图
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| warning: false
|
|
#| layout-ncol: 2
|
|
#| fig-width: 3
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| Two histograms of body masses of penguins, one with binwidth of 20
|
|
#| (left) and one with binwidth of 2000 (right). The histogram with binwidth
|
|
#| of 20 shows lots of ups and downs in the heights of the bins, creating a
|
|
#| jagged outline. The histogram with binwidth of 2000 shows only three bins.
|
|
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g)) +
|
|
geom_histogram(binwidth = 20)
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g)) +
|
|
geom_histogram(binwidth = 2000)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 密度图
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| A density plot of body masses of penguins. The distribution is unimodal
|
|
#| and right skewed, ranging between approximately 2500 to 6500 grams.
|
|
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g)) +
|
|
geom_density()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 箱图
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| warning: false
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| Side-by-side box plots of distributions of body masses of Adelie,
|
|
#| Chinstrap, and Gentoo penguins. The distribution of Adelie and
|
|
#| Chinstrap penguins' body masses appear to be symmetric with
|
|
#| medians around 3750 grams. The median body mass of Gentoo penguins
|
|
#| is much higher, around 5000 grams, and the distribution of the
|
|
#| body masses of these penguins appears to be somewhat right skewed.
|
|
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = species, y = body_mass_g)) +
|
|
geom_boxplot()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分组
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| warning: false
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| A density plot of body masses of penguins by species of penguins. Each
|
|
#| species (Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo) is represented with different
|
|
#| colored outlines for the density curves.
|
|
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g, color = species)) +
|
|
geom_density(linewidth = 0.75)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分组
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| warning: false
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| A density plot of body masses of penguins by species of penguins. Each
|
|
#| species (Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo) is represented in different
|
|
#| colored outlines for the density curves. The density curves are also
|
|
#| filled with the same colors, with some transparency added.
|
|
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g, color = species, fill = species)) +
|
|
geom_density(alpha = 0.5)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分组
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| Bar plots of penguin species by island (Biscoe, Dream, and Torgersen)
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = island, fill = species)) +
|
|
geom_bar()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分组
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| Bar plots of penguin species by island (Biscoe, Dream, and Torgersen)
|
|
#| the bars are scaled to the same height, making it a relative frequencies
|
|
#| plot
|
|
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = island, fill = species)) +
|
|
geom_bar(position = "fill")
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分组
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| warning: false
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. The plot
|
|
#| displays a positive, linear, relatively strong relationship between
|
|
#| these two variables.
|
|
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +
|
|
geom_point()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分组
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| warning: false
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. The plot
|
|
#| displays a positive, linear, relatively strong relationship between
|
|
#| these two variables. The points are colored based on the species of the
|
|
#| penguins and the shapes of the points represent islands (round points are
|
|
#| Biscoe island, triangles are Dream island, and squared are Torgersen
|
|
#| island). The plot is very busy and it's difficult to distinguish the shapes
|
|
#| of the points.
|
|
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +
|
|
geom_point(aes(color = species, shape = island))
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分面
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| warning: false
|
|
#| fig-width: 8
|
|
#| fig-asp: 0.33
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
|
#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. The shapes and
|
|
#| colors of points represent species. Penguins from each island are on a
|
|
#| separate facet. Within each facet, the relationship between body mass and
|
|
#| flipper length is positive, linear, relatively strong.
|
|
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +
|
|
geom_point(aes(color = species, shape = species)) +
|
|
facet_wrap(~island)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 分面
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| warning: false
|
|
|
|
ggplot(
|
|
data = penguins,
|
|
mapping = aes(
|
|
x = bill_length_mm, y = bill_depth_mm,
|
|
color = species, shape = species
|
|
)
|
|
) +
|
|
geom_point() +
|
|
labs(color = "Species")
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 练习
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| echo: false
|
|
#| layout-ncol: 2
|
|
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = island, fill = species)) +
|
|
geom_bar(position = "fill")
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = species, fill = island)) +
|
|
geom_bar(position = "fill")
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 练习
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| echo: false
|
|
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +
|
|
geom_point()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 练习
|
|
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| echo: false
|
|
|
|
ggplot(mpg, aes(x = class)) + geom_bar()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 练习
|
|
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| echo: false
|
|
|
|
ggplot(mpg, aes(x = cty, y = hwy)) + geom_point()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 练习
|
|
|
|
```{r}
|
|
#| echo: false
|
|
|
|
ggplot(data = mpg) +
|
|
geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy))
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 欢迎讨论！{.center}
|
|
|
|
|
|
`r rmdify::slideend(wechat = FALSE, type = "public", tel = FALSE, thislink = "https://drwater.rcees.ac.cn/course/public/RWEP/@PUB/SD/")`
|
|
|