---
title: "数据可视化"
subtitle: 《区域水环境污染数据分析实践》<br>Data analysis practice of regional water environment pollution
author: 苏命、王为东<br>中国科学院大学资源与环境学院<br>中国科学院生态环境研究中心
date: today
lang: zh
format:
  revealjs:
    theme: dark
    slide-number: true
    chalkboard:
      buttons: true
    preview-links: auto
    lang: zh
    toc: true
    toc-depth: 1
    toc-title: 大纲
    logo: ./_extensions/inst/img/ucaslogo.png
    css: ./_extensions/inst/css/revealjs.css
    pointer:
      key: "p"
      color: "#32cd32"
      pointerSize: 18
revealjs-plugins:
  - pointer
filters:
  - d2
---

```{r}
#| echo: false
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE)
source("../../coding/_common.R")
library(tidyverse)
library(palmerpenguins)
library(ggthemes)
```



## 查看数据

```{r}
penguins
```

## 查看数据

```{r}
glimpse(penguins)
```

## 效果

```{r}
#| echo: false
#| warning: false
#| fig-alt: |
#|   A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins, with a
#|   best fit line of the relationship between these two variables 
#|   overlaid. The plot displays a positive, fairly linear, and relatively 
#|   strong relationship between these two variables. Species (Adelie, 
#|   Chinstrap, and Gentoo) are represented with different colors and 
#|   shapes. The relationship between body mass and flipper length is 
#|   roughly the same for these three species, and Gentoo penguins are 
#|   larger than penguins from the other two species.
penguins |>
  ggplot(aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +
geom_point(aes(color = species, shape = species)) +
geom_smooth(method = "lm") +
labs(
  title = "Body mass and flipper length",
  subtitle = "Dimensions for Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo Penguins",
  x = "Flipper length (mm)",
  y = "Body mass (g)",
  color = "Species",
  shape = "Species"
) +
scale_color_colorblind()
```

## 分层展示

```{r}
#| fig-alt: |
#|   A blank, gray plot area.

ggplot(data = penguins)
```

## 分层展示

```{r}
#| fig-alt: |
#|   The plot shows flipper length on the x-axis, with values that range from 
#|   170 to 230, and body mass on the y-axis, with values that range from 3000 
#|   to 6000.

ggplot(
  data = penguins,
  mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
)
```

## 分层展示

```{r}
#| fig-alt: |
#|   A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. The plot 
#|   displays a positive, linear, and relatively strong relationship between 
#|   these two variables.

ggplot(
  data = penguins,
  mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
) +
  geom_point()
```

## 分层展示

```{r}
#| warning: false
#| fig-alt: |
#|   A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. The plot 
#|   displays a positive, fairly linear, and relatively strong relationship 
#|   between these two variables. Species (Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo) 
#|   are represented with different colors.

ggplot(
  data = penguins,
  mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g, color = species)
) +
  geom_point()
```

## 分层展示

```{r}
#| warning: false
#| fig-alt: |
#|   A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. Overlaid 
#|   on the scatterplot are three smooth curves displaying the 
#|   relationship between these variables for each species (Adelie, 
#|   Chinstrap, and Gentoo). Different penguin species are plotted in 
#|   different colors for the points and the smooth curves.

ggplot(
  data = penguins,
  mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g, color = species)
) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_smooth(method = "lm")
```

## 分层展示

```{r}
#| warning: false
#| fig-alt: |
#|   A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. Overlaid 
#|   on the scatterplot is a single line of best fit displaying the 
#|   relationship between these variables for each species (Adelie, 
#|   Chinstrap, and Gentoo). Different penguin species are plotted in 
#|   different colors for the points only.

ggplot(
  data = penguins,
  mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
) +
  geom_point(mapping = aes(color = species)) +
  geom_smooth(method = "lm")
```

## 分层展示

```{r}
#| warning: false
#| fig-alt: |
#|   A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. Overlaid 
#|   on the scatterplot is a single line of best fit displaying the 
#|   relationship between these variables for each species (Adelie, 
#|   Chinstrap, and Gentoo). Different penguin species are plotted in 
#|   different colors and shapes for the points only.

ggplot(
  data = penguins,
  mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
) +
  geom_point(mapping = aes(color = species, shape = species)) +
  geom_smooth(method = "lm")
```

## 分层展示

```{r}
#| warning: false
#| fig-alt: |
#|   A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins, with a 
#|   line of best fit displaying the relationship between these two variables 
#|   overlaid. The plot displays a positive, fairly linear, and relatively 
#|   strong relationship between these two variables. Species (Adelie, 
#|   Chinstrap, and Gentoo) are represented with different colors and 
#|   shapes. The relationship between body mass and flipper length is 
#|   roughly the same for these three species, and Gentoo penguins are 
#|   larger than penguins from the other two species.

ggplot(
  data = penguins,
  mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
) +
  geom_point(aes(color = species, shape = species)) +
  geom_smooth(method = "lm") +
  labs(
    title = "Body mass and flipper length",
    subtitle = "Dimensions for Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo Penguins",
    x = "Flipper length (mm)", y = "Body mass (g)",
    color = "Species", shape = "Species"
  ) +
  scale_color_colorblind()
```


## 分层展示

```{r}
#| echo: false
#| warning: false
#| fig-alt: |
#|   A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins, colored 
#|   by bill depth. A smooth curve of the relationship between body mass 
#|   and flipper length is overlaid. The relationship is positive, 
#|   fairly linear, and moderately strong.

ggplot(
  data = penguins,
  mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
) +
  geom_point(aes(color = bill_depth_mm)) +
  geom_smooth()
```

## 分层展示

```{r}
ggplot(
  data = penguins,
  mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g, color = island)
) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_smooth(se = FALSE)
```

## 分层展示

```{r}
ggplot(
  data = penguins,
  mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_smooth()

ggplot() +
  geom_point(
    data = penguins,
    mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    data = penguins,
    mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
  )
```

## 分层展示

```{r}

ggplot(
  data = penguins,
  mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
) +
  geom_point()
```

## 分层展示

```{r}

ggplot(penguins, aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) + 
  geom_point()
```

## 柱状图

```{r}
#| fig-alt: |
#|   A bar chart of frequencies of species of penguins: Adelie 
#|   (approximately 150), Chinstrap (approximately 90), Gentoo 
#|   (approximately 125).

ggplot(penguins, aes(x = species)) +
  geom_bar()
```

## 柱状图

```{r}
#| fig-alt: |
#|   A bar chart of frequencies of species of penguins, where the bars are 
#|   ordered in decreasing order of their heights (frequencies): Adelie 
#|   (approximately 150), Gentoo (approximately 125), Chinstrap 
#|   (approximately 90).

ggplot(penguins, aes(x = fct_infreq(species))) +
  geom_bar()
```

## 直方图

```{r}
#| warning: false
#| fig-alt: |
#|   A histogram of body masses of penguins. The distribution is unimodal 
#|   and right skewed, ranging between approximately 2500 to 6500 grams.

ggplot(penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 200)
```

## 直方图

```{r}
#| warning: false
#| layout-ncol: 2
#| fig-width: 3
#| fig-alt: |
#|   Two histograms of body masses of penguins, one with binwidth of 20 
#|   (left) and one with binwidth of 2000 (right). The histogram with binwidth 
#|   of 20 shows lots of ups and downs in the heights of the bins, creating a 
#|   jagged outline. The histogram  with binwidth of 2000 shows only three bins.

ggplot(penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 20)
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 2000)
```

## 密度图

```{r}
#| fig-alt: |
#|   A density plot of body masses of penguins. The distribution is unimodal 
#|   and right skewed, ranging between approximately 2500 to 6500 grams.

ggplot(penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g)) +
  geom_density()
```



## 箱图

```{r}
#| warning: false
#| fig-alt: |
#|   Side-by-side box plots of distributions of body masses of Adelie, 
#|   Chinstrap, and Gentoo penguins. The distribution of Adelie and 
#|   Chinstrap penguins' body masses appear to be symmetric with 
#|   medians around 3750 grams. The median body mass of Gentoo penguins 
#|   is much higher, around 5000 grams, and the distribution of the 
#|   body masses of these penguins appears to be somewhat right skewed.

ggplot(penguins, aes(x = species, y = body_mass_g)) +
  geom_boxplot()
```

## 分组

```{r}
#| warning: false
#| fig-alt: |
#|   A density plot of body masses of penguins by species of penguins. Each 
#|   species (Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo) is represented with different 
#|   colored outlines for the density curves.

ggplot(penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g, color = species)) +
  geom_density(linewidth = 0.75)
```

## 分组

```{r}
#| warning: false
#| fig-alt: |
#|   A density plot of body masses of penguins by species of penguins. Each 
#|   species (Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo) is represented in different 
#|   colored outlines for the density curves. The density curves are also 
#|   filled with the same colors, with some transparency added.

ggplot(penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g, color = species, fill = species)) +
  geom_density(alpha = 0.5)
```

## 分组

```{r}
#| fig-alt: |
#|   Bar plots of penguin species by island (Biscoe, Dream, and Torgersen)
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = island, fill = species)) +
  geom_bar()
```

## 分组

```{r}
#| fig-alt: |
#|   Bar plots of penguin species by island (Biscoe, Dream, and Torgersen)
#|   the bars are scaled to the same height, making it a relative frequencies 
#|   plot

ggplot(penguins, aes(x = island, fill = species)) +
  geom_bar(position = "fill")
```

## 分组

```{r}
#| warning: false
#| fig-alt: |
#|   A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. The plot 
#|   displays a positive, linear, relatively strong relationship between 
#|   these two variables.

ggplot(penguins, aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +
  geom_point()
```

## 分组

```{r}
#| warning: false
#| fig-alt: |
#|   A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. The plot 
#|   displays a positive, linear, relatively strong relationship between 
#|   these two variables. The points are colored based on the species of the 
#|   penguins and the shapes of the points represent islands (round points are 
#|   Biscoe island, triangles are Dream island, and squared are Torgersen 
#|   island). The plot is very busy and it's difficult to distinguish the shapes
#|   of the points.

ggplot(penguins, aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +
  geom_point(aes(color = species, shape = island))
```

## 分面

```{r}
#| warning: false
#| fig-width: 8
#| fig-asp: 0.33
#| fig-alt: |
#|   A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. The shapes and 
#|   colors of points represent species. Penguins from each island are on a 
#|   separate facet. Within each facet, the relationship between body mass and 
#|   flipper length is positive, linear, relatively strong. 

ggplot(penguins, aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +
  geom_point(aes(color = species, shape = species)) +
  facet_wrap(~island)
```

## 分面

```{r}
#| warning: false

ggplot(
  data = penguins,
  mapping = aes(
    x = bill_length_mm, y = bill_depth_mm, 
    color = species, shape = species
  )
) +
  geom_point() +
  labs(color = "Species")
```

## 练习

```{r}
#| echo: false
#| layout-ncol: 2

ggplot(penguins, aes(x = island, fill = species)) +
  geom_bar(position = "fill")
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = species, fill = island)) +
  geom_bar(position = "fill")
```

## 练习

```{r}
#| echo: false

ggplot(penguins, aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +
  geom_point()
```

## 练习


```{r}
#| echo: false

ggplot(mpg, aes(x = class)) + geom_bar()
```

## 练习


```{r}
#| echo: false

ggplot(mpg, aes(x = cty, y = hwy)) + geom_point()
```

## 练习

```{r}
#| echo: false

ggplot(data = mpg) +
geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy))
```

## 欢迎讨论！{.center}


`r rmdify::slideend(wechat = FALSE, type = "public", tel = FALSE, thislink = "https://drwater.rcees.ac.cn/course/public/RWEP/@PUB/SD/")`