<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>{{page.title}} · R for Data Science</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link href="www/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="www/highlight.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="www/jquery-1.11.0/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="www/htmlwidgets-0.5/htmlwidgets.js"></script> <link href="www/str_view-0.1.0/str_view.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <script src="www/str_view-binding-1.0.0.9000/str_view.js"></script> <link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Inconsolata:400,700' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="masthead"> <ul class="nav nav-pills pull-right"> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"> Table of contents <b class="caret"></b> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu pull-right" role="menu"> {% include package-nav.html %} </ul> </li> </ul> <h3 class="muted"><a href="/">R for data science</a> <small>by Garrett Grolemund and Hadley Wickham</small></h3> <hr> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-3" id="nav"> <h4>Contents</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled" id="toc"></ul> <hr> <p><a href="/contribute.html">How to contribute</a></p> <p><a class="btn btn-primary" href="https://github.com/hadley/r4ds/edit/master/{{page.path}}">Edit this page</a></p> </div> <div id="content" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 pull-right"> {{ content }} </div> </div> <div class="footer"> <hr> <p>© Garrett Grolemund & Hadley Wickham. Powered by <a href="http://jekyllrb.com/">jekyll</a>, <a href="http://yihui.name/knitr/">knitr</a>, and <a href="http://johnmacfarlane.net/pandoc/">pandoc</a>. Source available on <a href="https://github.com/hadley/r4ds/">github</a>. </p> </div> </div> <!-- /container --> <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery.js"></script> <script src="www/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="www/toc.js"></script> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-67989-17', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> </body> </html>