Tibbles to tribbles

@jennybc

import.Rmd

@@ -548,9 +548,11 @@ There are a few other general strategies to help you parse files:
     frame.
 
     ```{r}
-    df <- tibble(
+    df <- tribble(
-       x = c("1", "2", "3"), 
+      ~x,  ~y,
-       y = c("1.21", "2.32", "4.56")
+      "1", "1.21",
+      "2", "2.32",
+      "3", "4.56"
     )
     df
     

model-basics.Rmd

@@ -542,7 +542,12 @@ You can also perform transformations inside the model formula. For example, `log
 Again, if you get confused about what your model is doing, you can always use `model_matrix()` to see exactly what equation `lm()` is fitting:
 
 ```{r}
-df <- tibble(y = 1:3, x = 1:3)
+df <- tribble(
+  ~y, ~x,
+   1,  1,
+   2,  2, 
+   3,  3
+)
 model_matrix(df, y ~ x^2 + x)
 model_matrix(df, y ~ I(x^2) + x)
 ```

model-many.Rmd

@@ -295,6 +295,16 @@ tibble(
 )
 ```
 
+It's even easier with `tribble()` as it can automatically work out that you need a list:
+
+```{r}
+tribble(
+   ~x, ~y,
+  1:3, "1, 2",
+  3:5, "3, 4, 5"
+)
+```
+
 List-columns are often most useful as intermediate data structure. They're hard to work with directly, because most R functions work with atomic vectors or data frames, but the advantage of keeping related items together in a data frame is worth a little hassle.
 
 Generally there are three parts of an effective list-column pipeline:
@@ -349,7 +359,11 @@ gapminder %>%
 Some useful functions take an atomic vector and return a list. For example, in [strings] you learned about `stringr::str_split()` which takes a character vector and returns a list of character vectors. If you use that inside mutate, you'll get a list-column:
 
 ```{r}
-df <- tibble(x1 = c("a,b,c", "d,e,f,g")) 
+df <- tribble(
+  ~x1,
+  "a,b,c", 
+  "d,e,f,g"
+) 
 
 df %>% 
   mutate(x2 = stringr::str_split(x1, ","))
@@ -478,13 +492,12 @@ These are described in more detail below.
 If you can reduce your list column to an atomic vector then it will be a regular column. For example, you can always summarise an object with it's type and length, so this code will work regardless of what sort of list-column you have:
 
 ```{r}
-df <- tibble(
+df <- tribble(
-  x = list(
+  ~x,
   letters[1:5],
   1:3,
   runif(5)
 )
-)
   
 df %>% mutate(
   type = map_chr(x, typeof),
@@ -497,12 +510,11 @@ This is the same basic information that you get from the default tbl print metho
 Don't forget about the `map_*()` shortcuts - you can use `map_chr(x, "apple")` to extract the string stored in `apple` for each element of `x`. This is useful for pulling apart nested lists into regular columns. Use the `.null` argument to provide a value to use if the element is missing (instead of returning `NULL`):
 
 ```{r}
-df <- tibble(
+df <- tribble(
-  x = list(
+  ~x,
   list(a = 1, b = 2),
   list(a = 2, c = 4)
 )
-)
 df %>% mutate(
   a = map_dbl(x, "a"),
   b = map_dbl(x, "b", .null = NA_real_)
@@ -522,19 +534,19 @@ This means that you can't simultaneously unnest two columns that contain differe
 ```{r, error = TRUE}
 # Ok, because y and z have the same number of elements in
 # every row
-df1 <- tibble(
+df1 <- tribble(
-  x = 1:2, 
+  ~x, ~y,           ~z,
-  y = list(c("a", "b"), "c"), 
+   1, c("a", "b"), 1:2,
-  z = list(1:2, 3)
+   2, "c",           3
 )
 df1
 df1 %>% unnest(y, z)
 
 # Doesn't work because y and z have different number of elements
-df2 <- tibble(
+df2 <- tribble(
-  x = 1:2, 
+  ~x, ~y,           ~z,
-  y = list("a", c("b", "c")), 
+   1, "a",         1:2,  
-  z = list(1:2, 3)
+   2, c("b", "c"),   3
 )
 df2
 df2 %>% unnest(y, z)

relational-data.Rmd

@@ -206,8 +206,18 @@ To help you learn how joins work, I'm going to use a visual representation:
 knitr::include_graphics("diagrams/join-setup.png")
 ```
 ```{r}
-(x <- tibble(key = c(1, 2, 3), val_x = c("x1", "x2", "x3")))
+x <- tribble(
-(y <- tibble(key = c(1, 2, 4), val_y = c("y1", "y2", "y3")))
+  ~key, ~val_x,
+     1, "x1",
+     2, "x2",
+     3, "x3"
+)
+y <- tribble(
+  ~key, ~val_y,
+     1, "y1",
+     2, "y2",
+     4, "y3"
+)
 ```
 
 The coloured column represents the "key" variable: these are used to match the rows between the tables. The grey column represents the "value" column that is carried along for the ride. In these examples I'll show a single key variable and single value variable, but idea generalises in a straightforward way to multiple keys and multiple values.
@@ -288,8 +298,18 @@ So far all the diagrams have assumed that the keys are unique. But that's not al
     and a foreign key in `x`.
 
     ```{r}
-    x <- tibble(key = c(1, 2, 2, 1), val_x = stringr::str_c("x", 1:4))
+    x <- tribble(
-    y <- tibble(key = 1:2, val_y = stringr::str_c("y", 1:2))
+      ~key, ~val_x,
+         1, "x1",
+         2, "x2",
+         2, "x3",
+         1, "x4"
+    )
+    y <- tribble(
+      ~key, ~val_y,
+         1, "y1",
+         2, "y2"
+    )
     left_join(x, y, by = "key")
     ```
 
@@ -302,8 +322,20 @@ So far all the diagrams have assumed that the keys are unique. But that's not al
     ```
 
     ```{r}
-    x <- tibble(key = c(1, 2, 2, 3), val_x = stringr::str_c("x", 1:4))
+    x <- tribble(
-    y <- tibble(key = c(1, 2, 2, 3), val_y = stringr::str_c("y", 1:4))
+      ~key, ~val_x,
+         1, "x1",
+         2, "x2",
+         2, "x3",
+         3, "x4"
+    )
+    y <- tribble(
+      ~key, ~val_y,
+         1, "y1",
+         2, "y2",
+         2, "y3",
+         3, "y4"
+    )
     left_join(x, y, by = "key")
     ```
 
@@ -543,8 +575,16 @@ The final type of two-table verb are the set operations. Generally, I use these
 Given this simple data:
 
 ```{r}
-(df1 <- tibble(x = 1:2, y = c(1L, 1L)))
+df1 <- tribble(
-(df2 <- tibble(x = 1:2, y = 1:2))
+  ~x, ~y,
+   1,  1,
+   2,  1
+)
+df2 <- tribble(
+  ~x, ~y,
+   1,  1,
+   1,  2
+)
 ```
 
 The four possibilities are:

visualize.Rmd

@@ -499,11 +499,12 @@ This works because every geom has a default stat; and every stat has a default g
     is generated by counting rows.
     
     ```{r, warning = FALSE}
-    demo <- tibble(
+    demo <- tribble(
-      a = c("bar_1", "bar_2", "bar_3"),
+      ~a,      ~b,
-      b = c(20, 30, 40)
+      "bar_1", 20,
+      "bar_2", 30,
+      "bar_3", 40
     )
-    demo
     
     ggplot(data = demo) +
       geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = a, y = b), stat = "identity")