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@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Most of readxl's functions allow you to load Excel spreadsheets into R:
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- `read_xlsx()` read Excel files with `xlsx` format.
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- `read_excel()` can read files with both `xls` and `xlsx` format. It guesses the file type based on the input.
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These functions all have similar syntax just like other functions we have previously introduced for reading other types of files, e.g. `read_csv()`, `read_table()`, etc.
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These functions all have similar syntax just like other functions we have previously introduced for reading other types of files, e.g., `read_csv()`, `read_table()`, etc.
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For the rest of the chapter we will focus on using `read_excel()`.
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### Reading Excel spreadsheets {#sec-reading-spreadsheets-excel}
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@@ -314,13 +314,13 @@ For example, Excel has no notion of an integer.
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All numbers are stored as floating points, but you can choose to display the data with a customizable number of decimal points.
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Similarly, dates are actually stored as numbers, specifically the number of seconds since January 1, 1970.
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You can customize how you display the date by applying formatting in Excel.
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Confusingly, it's also possible to have something that looks like a number but is actually a string (e.g. type `'10` into a cell in Excel).
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Confusingly, it's also possible to have something that looks like a number but is actually a string (e.g., type `'10` into a cell in Excel).
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These differences between how the underlying data are stored vs. how they're displayed can cause surprises when the data are loaded into R.
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By default readxl will guess the data type in a given column.
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A recommended workflow is to let readxl guess the column types, confirm that you're happy with the guessed column types, and if not, go back and re-import specifying `col_types` as shown in @sec-reading-spreadsheets-excel.
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Another challenge is when you have a column in your Excel spreadsheet that has a mix of these types, e.g. some cells are numeric, others text, others dates.
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Another challenge is when you have a column in your Excel spreadsheet that has a mix of these types, e.g., some cells are numeric, others text, others dates.
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When importing the data into R readxl has to make some decisions.
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In these cases you can set the type for this column to `"list"`, which will load the column as a list of length 1 vectors, where the type of each element of the vector is guessed.
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@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ write_sheet(bake_sale, ss = "bake-sale", sheet = "Sales")
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While you can read from a public Google Sheet without authenticating with your Google account, reading a private sheet or writing to a sheet requires authentication so that googlesheets4 can view and manage *your* Google Sheets.
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When you attempt to read in a sheet that requires authentication, googlesheets4 will direct you to a web browser with a prompt to sign in to your Google account and grant permission to operate on your behalf with Google Sheets.
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However, if you want to specify a specific Google account, authentication scope, etc. you can do so with `gs4_auth()`, e.g. `gs4_auth(email = "mine@example.com")`, which will force the use of a token associated with a specific email.
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However, if you want to specify a specific Google account, authentication scope, etc. you can do so with `gs4_auth()`, e.g., `gs4_auth(email = "mine@example.com")`, which will force the use of a token associated with a specific email.
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For further authentication details, we recommend reading the documentation googlesheets4 auth vignette: <https://googlesheets4.tidyverse.org/articles/auth.html>.
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### Exercises
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