Overview of different data types and useful summary functions for working with them. Strings and dates covered in more detail in future chapters. Anything complicated can be put off until data structures chapter.
When used with numeric functions, `TRUE` is converted to 1 and `FALSE` to 0. This makes `sum()` and `mean()` particularly useful: `sum(x)` gives the number of `TRUE`s in `x`, and `mean(x)` gives the proportion.