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<div class="slides">
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<section id="title-slide" class="quarto-title-block center">
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<h1 class="title">一、R语言介绍</h1>
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<p class="subtitle">《区域水环境污染数据分析实践》<br>Data analysis practice of regional water environment pollution</p>
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<div class="quarto-title-authors">
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<div class="quarto-title-author">
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<div class="quarto-title-author-name">
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苏命、王为东<br>中国科学院大学资源与环境学院<br>中国科学院生态环境研究中心
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p class="date">2025-03-19</p>
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</section>
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<section id="r的历史" class="slide level2">
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<h2>R的历史</h2>
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||
<div class="columns">
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||
<div class="column" style="width:85%;">
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||
<ul>
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||
<li>1976年：
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||
<ul>
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<li>前身是S语言，由贝尔实验室John Chambers及其同事开发</li>
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</ul></li>
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||
<li>1993年：
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<ul>
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<li>R语言由Ross Ihaka和Robert Gentleman在奥克兰大学开发</li>
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<li>R的诞生是为了提供一个强大的统计计算和图形显示的平台</li>
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</ul></li>
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||
</ul>
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||
</div><div class="column" style="width:15%;">
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<p><img data-src="https://cran.r-project.org/Rlogo.svg"></p>
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||
</div></div>
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||
<ul>
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||
<li>1995年：R发布第一个公开版本</li>
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<li>2000年代： R语言逐渐成为统计学和数据科学领域重要工具</li>
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<li>2010年：Hadley Wickham发布了ggplot2包，数据可视化方面更强</li>
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<li>2016年：创建CRAN（Comprehensive R Archive Network），R包中央库</li>
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<li>至今
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<ul>
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<li><strong>R语言已成为数据科学和统计学领域最受欢迎的工具之一，被广泛用于数据分析、机器学习、数据可视化等领域</strong></li>
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||
</ul></li>
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||
</ul>
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||
</section>
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||
<section id="r的特点" class="slide level2">
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||
<h2>R的特点</h2>
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||
<h3 id="一般特点">一般特点</h3>
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||
<ul>
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||
<li>免费、开源、支持各个主要计算机系统。</li>
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||
<li>完整的程序设计语言，基于函数和对象。</li>
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<li>支持完善的数据类型，如向量、矩阵、数据框等。</li>
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||
</ul>
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||
<h3 id="技术特点">技术特点</h3>
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||
<ul>
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<li>所有存在都是对象。</li>
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<li>所有动作都是函数调用。</li>
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<li>支持函数编程和对象类。</li>
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<li>是动态类型语言，运行速度相对较慢。</li>
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||
</ul>
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||
</section>
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||
<section id="r的参考资料" class="slide level2">
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||
<h2>R的参考资料</h2>
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<h3 id="推荐参考书">推荐参考书</h3>
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||
<ul>
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||
<li>Hadley Wickham and Garrett Grolemund(2022). <a href="https://r4ds.hadley.nz/">R for Data Science</a></li>
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<li>Hadley Wickham(2019). <a href="https://adv-r.hadley.nz/">Advanced R</a></li>
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<li>Hadley Wickham(2016). <a href="https://ggplot2-book.org/">ggplot2 Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis</a></li>
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<li>John M. Chambers(2008). <a href="https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9780387759357">Software for Data Analysis-Programming with R</a></li>
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||
<li>Venables, W. N. & Ripley, B. D.(2002). <a href="https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9780387954578">Modern Applied Statistics with S (MASS)</a></li>
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||
</ul>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="r的参考资料-1" class="slide level2">
|
||
<h2>R的参考资料</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="中文参考书">中文参考书</h3>
|
||
<ul>
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||
<li>《R语言编程艺术》</li>
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||
<li>《R语言实战》</li>
|
||
<li>《R语言教程与实践》</li>
|
||
<li>《R语言数据可视化实战》</li>
|
||
<li>《R语言从入门到精通》</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="r的下载与安装" class="slide level2">
|
||
<h2>R的下载与安装</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="r的下载与安装-1">R的下载与安装</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>R的官方网站：<a href="https://www.r-project.org/">https://www.r-project.org/</a></li>
|
||
<li>CRAN镜像网站：<a href="http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/cran/">http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/cran/</a></li>
|
||
<li>下载官方的R软件后按提示安装</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<iframe data-external="1" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/203516510" width="600" height="400" frameborder="0" title="" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="rstudio" class="slide level2">
|
||
<h2>RStudio</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="什么是rstudio">什么是RStudio？</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>RStudio官方网站: <a href="https://posit.co/products/open-source/rstudio/">https://posit.co/products/open-source/rstudio/</a></li>
|
||
<li>RStudio是一个集成开发环境（IDE），专门用于R语言编程和数据分析。</li>
|
||
<li>它提供了一个直观的界面，使得编写、调试和运行R代码变得更加容易。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="rstudio-1" class="slide level2">
|
||
<h2>RStudio</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="rstudio的功能">RStudio的功能</h3>
|
||
<ol type="1">
|
||
<li><strong>代码编辑器</strong>：提供了语法高亮、自动补全和代码折叠等功能。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>控制台</strong>：用于直接执行R代码并查看结果。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>环境和历史记录</strong>：可以查看当前加载的数据、函数和变量，以及之前执行过的命令。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>图形和可视化</strong>：RStudio内置了绘图设备，可以方便地创建各种统计图表。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>文件管理器</strong>：可直接在RStudio中管理文件和项目。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>包管理器</strong>：方便地安装、更新和管理R包。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Markdown编辑器</strong>：支持Markdown格式，可以创建美观的文档和报告。</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="如何获取rstudio" class="slide level2">
|
||
<h2>如何获取RStudio？</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>RStudio可以从官方网站免费下载并安装：<a href="https://posit.co/download/rstudio-desktop/">RStudio官网</a></li>
|
||
<li>RStudio是一个强大的R编程环境，为R用户提供了丰富的功能和工具。</li>
|
||
<li>它简化了R语言的使用，提高了数据分析和可视化的效率。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<iframe data-external="1" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/203516968" width="600" height="400" frameborder="0" title="" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="扩展包r-package" class="slide level2">
|
||
<h2>扩展包：R package</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>R有一万多个扩展软件包，提供了各种各样的功能</li>
|
||
<li>已安装的基本R包，如base, stats, graphics等，启动R时默认载入</li>
|
||
<li>其它扩展包需要用<code>library(.)</code>函数载入运行；或者采用<code>dplyr::filter(.)</code>方式</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="panel-tabset">
|
||
<ul id="tabset-1" class="panel-tabset-tabby"><li><a data-tabby-default="" href="#tabset-1-1">Code</a></li><li><a href="#tabset-1-2">Output</a></li></ul>
|
||
<div class="tab-content">
|
||
<div id="tabset-1-1">
|
||
<div class="cell">
|
||
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a></a><span class="co"># load a R package</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb1-2"><a></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggplot2)</span>
|
||
<span id="cb1-3"><a></a></span>
|
||
<span id="cb1-4"><a></a><span class="co"># plot it based on the functions from `ggplot2` package</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb1-5"><a></a>mtcars <span class="sc">|></span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb1-6"><a></a> dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">filter</span>(cyl <span class="sc">!=</span> <span class="dv">8</span>) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb1-7"><a></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(hp, mpg, <span class="at">color =</span> am)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb1-8"><a></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb1-9"><a></a> <span class="fu">geom_smooth</span>(<span class="at">formula =</span> y <span class="sc">~</span> x, <span class="at">method =</span> <span class="st">"loess"</span>)</span></code><button title="复制到剪贴板" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="tabset-1-2">
|
||
<div class="cell">
|
||
<div class="cell-output-display">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<figure>
|
||
<p><img data-src="index_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-3-1.png" style="width:80.0%"></p>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="安装r包" class="slide level2">
|
||
<h2>安装R包</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>以安装sos包为例。</li>
|
||
<li>在RStudio中调用“Tools”菜单的“Install Packages”，输入或选择sos即可安装。</li>
|
||
<li>R图形界面安装</li>
|
||
<li>如果不用RStudio， 在R图形界面选菜单“程序包-安装程序包”进行安装。</li>
|
||
<li>在CRAN镜像选择窗口中选择中国的镜像，如“China (Beijing 2)”，然后选择要安装的扩展软件包名称即可完成下载和安装。</li>
|
||
<li>程序安装</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb2-1"><a></a><span class="co"># 指定镜像网站并安装扩展包</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb2-2"><a></a><span class="fu">options</span>(<span class="at">repos=</span><span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="at">CRAN=</span><span class="st">"https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CRAN/"</span>))</span>
|
||
<span id="cb2-3"><a></a><span class="fu">install.packages</span>(<span class="st">"sos"</span>)</span>
|
||
<span id="cb2-4"><a></a></span>
|
||
<span id="cb2-5"><a></a><span class="co"># 当R包不是CRAN标准包，代码放在[github](https://github.com)</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb2-6"><a></a><span class="cf">if</span> (<span class="sc">!</span><span class="fu">require</span>(devtools)) <span class="fu">install.packages</span>(<span class="st">'devtools'</span>)</span>
|
||
<span id="cb2-7"><a></a>devtools<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">install_github</span>(<span class="st">"kjhealy/socviz"</span>)</span></code><button title="复制到剪贴板" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="安装r包-1" class="slide level2">
|
||
<h2>安装R包</h2>
|
||
<iframe data-external="1" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/203516241" width="600" height="400" frameborder="0" title="" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="结语" class="slide level2">
|
||
<h2>结语</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>R语言是一种强大的统计计算和数据分析工具，适用于各种领域。</li>
|
||
<li>通过学习R语言，可以进行数据处理、统计分析和数据可视化。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="欢迎讨论" class="slide level2 center">
|
||
<h2>欢迎讨论！</h2>
|
||
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<script>
|
||
// htmlwidgets need to know to resize themselves when slides are shown/hidden.
|
||
// Fire the "slideenter" event (handled by htmlwidgets.js) when the current
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||
// slide changes (different for each slide format).
|
||
(function () {
|
||
// dispatch for htmlwidgets
|
||
function fireSlideEnter() {
|
||
const event = window.document.createEvent("Event");
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||
event.initEvent("slideenter", true, true);
|
||
window.document.dispatchEvent(event);
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||
}
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||
|
||
function fireSlideChanged(previousSlide, currentSlide) {
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fireSlideEnter();
|
||
|
||
// dispatch for shiny
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if (window.jQuery) {
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||
if (previousSlide) {
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||
window.jQuery(previousSlide).trigger("hidden");
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}
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if (currentSlide) {
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window.jQuery(currentSlide).trigger("shown");
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}
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}
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}
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// hookup for slidy
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if (window.w3c_slidy) {
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window.w3c_slidy.add_observer(function (slide_num) {
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// slide_num starts at position 1
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fireSlideChanged(null, w3c_slidy.slides[slide_num - 1]);
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});
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||
}
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||
})();
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</script>
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||
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||
<script id="quarto-html-after-body" type="application/javascript">
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window.document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function (event) {
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const toggleBodyColorMode = (bsSheetEl) => {
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const mode = bsSheetEl.getAttribute("data-mode");
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const bodyEl = window.document.querySelector("body");
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if (mode === "dark") {
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bodyEl.classList.add("quarto-dark");
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bodyEl.classList.remove("quarto-light");
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} else {
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bodyEl.classList.add("quarto-light");
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bodyEl.classList.remove("quarto-dark");
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}
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}
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const toggleBodyColorPrimary = () => {
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const bsSheetEl = window.document.querySelector("link#quarto-bootstrap");
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if (bsSheetEl) {
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toggleBodyColorMode(bsSheetEl);
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}
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}
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toggleBodyColorPrimary();
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const tabsets = window.document.querySelectorAll(".panel-tabset-tabby")
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tabsets.forEach(function(tabset) {
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const tabby = new Tabby('#' + tabset.id);
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});
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const isCodeAnnotation = (el) => {
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for (const clz of el.classList) {
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if (clz.startsWith('code-annotation-')) {
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return true;
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}
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}
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return false;
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}
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const onCopySuccess = function(e) {
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// button target
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const button = e.trigger;
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// don't keep focus
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button.blur();
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// flash "checked"
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button.classList.add('code-copy-button-checked');
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var currentTitle = button.getAttribute("title");
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button.setAttribute("title", "已复制");
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let tooltip;
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if (window.bootstrap) {
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button.setAttribute("data-bs-toggle", "tooltip");
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button.setAttribute("data-bs-placement", "left");
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button.setAttribute("data-bs-title", "已复制");
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tooltip = new bootstrap.Tooltip(button,
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{ trigger: "manual",
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customClass: "code-copy-button-tooltip",
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offset: [0, -8]});
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tooltip.show();
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}
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setTimeout(function() {
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if (tooltip) {
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tooltip.hide();
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button.removeAttribute("data-bs-title");
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button.removeAttribute("data-bs-toggle");
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button.removeAttribute("data-bs-placement");
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}
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button.setAttribute("title", currentTitle);
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button.classList.remove('code-copy-button-checked');
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}, 1000);
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// clear code selection
|
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e.clearSelection();
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||
}
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const getTextToCopy = function(trigger) {
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const codeEl = trigger.previousElementSibling.cloneNode(true);
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for (const childEl of codeEl.children) {
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if (isCodeAnnotation(childEl)) {
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childEl.remove();
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}
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}
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return codeEl.innerText;
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}
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const clipboard = new window.ClipboardJS('.code-copy-button:not([data-in-quarto-modal])', {
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text: getTextToCopy
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||
});
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||
clipboard.on('success', onCopySuccess);
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if (window.document.getElementById('quarto-embedded-source-code-modal')) {
|
||
const clipboardModal = new window.ClipboardJS('.code-copy-button[data-in-quarto-modal]', {
|
||
text: getTextToCopy,
|
||
container: window.document.getElementById('quarto-embedded-source-code-modal')
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||
});
|
||
clipboardModal.on('success', onCopySuccess);
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||
}
|
||
var localhostRegex = new RegExp(/^(?:http|https):\/\/localhost\:?[0-9]*\//);
|
||
var mailtoRegex = new RegExp(/^mailto:/);
|
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var filterRegex = new RegExp("https:\/\/drc\.drwater\.net\/course\/public\/RWEP\/PUB");
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||
var isInternal = (href) => {
|
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return filterRegex.test(href) || localhostRegex.test(href) || mailtoRegex.test(href);
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||
}
|
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// Inspect non-navigation links and adorn them if external
|
||
var links = window.document.querySelectorAll('a[href]:not(.nav-link):not(.navbar-brand):not(.toc-action):not(.sidebar-link):not(.sidebar-item-toggle):not(.pagination-link):not(.no-external):not([aria-hidden]):not(.dropdown-item):not(.quarto-navigation-tool):not(.about-link)');
|
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for (var i=0; i<links.length; i++) {
|
||
const link = links[i];
|
||
if (!isInternal(link.href)) {
|
||
// undo the damage that might have been done by quarto-nav.js in the case of
|
||
// links that we want to consider external
|
||
if (link.dataset.originalHref !== undefined) {
|
||
link.href = link.dataset.originalHref;
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||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
function tippyHover(el, contentFn, onTriggerFn, onUntriggerFn) {
|
||
const config = {
|
||
allowHTML: true,
|
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maxWidth: 500,
|
||
delay: 100,
|
||
arrow: false,
|
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appendTo: function(el) {
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return el.closest('section.slide') || el.parentElement;
|
||
},
|
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interactive: true,
|
||
interactiveBorder: 10,
|
||
theme: 'light-border',
|
||
placement: 'bottom-start',
|
||
};
|
||
if (contentFn) {
|
||
config.content = contentFn;
|
||
}
|
||
if (onTriggerFn) {
|
||
config.onTrigger = onTriggerFn;
|
||
}
|
||
if (onUntriggerFn) {
|
||
config.onUntrigger = onUntriggerFn;
|
||
}
|
||
config['offset'] = [0,0];
|
||
config['maxWidth'] = 700;
|
||
window.tippy(el, config);
|
||
}
|
||
const noterefs = window.document.querySelectorAll('a[role="doc-noteref"]');
|
||
for (var i=0; i<noterefs.length; i++) {
|
||
const ref = noterefs[i];
|
||
tippyHover(ref, function() {
|
||
// use id or data attribute instead here
|
||
let href = ref.getAttribute('data-footnote-href') || ref.getAttribute('href');
|
||
try { href = new URL(href).hash; } catch {}
|
||
const id = href.replace(/^#\/?/, "");
|
||
const note = window.document.getElementById(id);
|
||
if (note) {
|
||
return note.innerHTML;
|
||
} else {
|
||
return "";
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
const findCites = (el) => {
|
||
const parentEl = el.parentElement;
|
||
if (parentEl) {
|
||
const cites = parentEl.dataset.cites;
|
||
if (cites) {
|
||
return {
|
||
el,
|
||
cites: cites.split(' ')
|
||
};
|
||
} else {
|
||
return findCites(el.parentElement)
|
||
}
|
||
} else {
|
||
return undefined;
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
var bibliorefs = window.document.querySelectorAll('a[role="doc-biblioref"]');
|
||
for (var i=0; i<bibliorefs.length; i++) {
|
||
const ref = bibliorefs[i];
|
||
const citeInfo = findCites(ref);
|
||
if (citeInfo) {
|
||
tippyHover(citeInfo.el, function() {
|
||
var popup = window.document.createElement('div');
|
||
citeInfo.cites.forEach(function(cite) {
|
||
var citeDiv = window.document.createElement('div');
|
||
citeDiv.classList.add('hanging-indent');
|
||
citeDiv.classList.add('csl-entry');
|
||
var biblioDiv = window.document.getElementById('ref-' + cite);
|
||
if (biblioDiv) {
|
||
citeDiv.innerHTML = biblioDiv.innerHTML;
|
||
}
|
||
popup.appendChild(citeDiv);
|
||
});
|
||
return popup.innerHTML;
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</body></html> |