542 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
542 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
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---
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title: "数据可视化"
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subtitle: 《区域水环境污染数据分析实践》<br>Data analysis practice of regional water environment pollution
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author: 苏命、王为东<br>中国科学院大学资源与环境学院<br>中国科学院生态环境研究中心
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date: today
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lang: zh
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format:
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revealjs:
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theme: dark
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slide-number: true
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chalkboard:
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buttons: true
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preview-links: auto
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lang: zh
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toc: true
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toc-depth: 1
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toc-title: 大纲
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logo: ./_extensions/inst/img/ucaslogo.png
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css: ./_extensions/inst/css/revealjs.css
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pointer:
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key: "p"
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color: "#32cd32"
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pointerSize: 18
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revealjs-plugins:
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- pointer
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filters:
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- d2
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---
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```{r}
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#| echo: false
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knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE)
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source("../../coding/_common.R")
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library(tidyverse)
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library(palmerpenguins)
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library(ggthemes)
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```
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## 查看数据
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```{r}
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penguins
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```
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## 查看数据
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```{r}
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glimpse(penguins)
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```
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## 效果
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```{r}
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#| echo: false
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#| warning: false
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#| fig-alt: |
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#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins, with a
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#| best fit line of the relationship between these two variables
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#| overlaid. The plot displays a positive, fairly linear, and relatively
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#| strong relationship between these two variables. Species (Adelie,
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#| Chinstrap, and Gentoo) are represented with different colors and
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#| shapes. The relationship between body mass and flipper length is
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#| roughly the same for these three species, and Gentoo penguins are
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#| larger than penguins from the other two species.
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penguins |>
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ggplot(aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +
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geom_point(aes(color = species, shape = species)) +
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geom_smooth(method = "lm") +
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labs(
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title = "Body mass and flipper length",
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subtitle = "Dimensions for Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo Penguins",
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x = "Flipper length (mm)",
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y = "Body mass (g)",
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color = "Species",
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shape = "Species"
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) +
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scale_color_colorblind()
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```
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## 分层展示
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```{r}
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#| fig-alt: |
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#| A blank, gray plot area.
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ggplot(data = penguins)
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```
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## 分层展示
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```{r}
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#| fig-alt: |
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#| The plot shows flipper length on the x-axis, with values that range from
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#| 170 to 230, and body mass on the y-axis, with values that range from 3000
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#| to 6000.
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ggplot(
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data = penguins,
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mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
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)
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```
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## 分层展示
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```{r}
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#| fig-alt: |
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#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. The plot
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#| displays a positive, linear, and relatively strong relationship between
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#| these two variables.
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ggplot(
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data = penguins,
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mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
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) +
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geom_point()
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```
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## 分层展示
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```{r}
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#| warning: false
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#| fig-alt: |
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#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. The plot
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#| displays a positive, fairly linear, and relatively strong relationship
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#| between these two variables. Species (Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo)
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#| are represented with different colors.
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ggplot(
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data = penguins,
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mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g, color = species)
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) +
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geom_point()
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```
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## 分层展示
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```{r}
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#| warning: false
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#| fig-alt: |
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#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. Overlaid
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#| on the scatterplot are three smooth curves displaying the
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#| relationship between these variables for each species (Adelie,
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#| Chinstrap, and Gentoo). Different penguin species are plotted in
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#| different colors for the points and the smooth curves.
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ggplot(
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data = penguins,
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mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g, color = species)
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) +
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geom_point() +
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geom_smooth(method = "lm")
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```
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## 分层展示
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```{r}
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#| warning: false
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#| fig-alt: |
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#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. Overlaid
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#| on the scatterplot is a single line of best fit displaying the
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#| relationship between these variables for each species (Adelie,
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#| Chinstrap, and Gentoo). Different penguin species are plotted in
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#| different colors for the points only.
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ggplot(
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data = penguins,
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mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
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) +
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geom_point(mapping = aes(color = species)) +
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geom_smooth(method = "lm")
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```
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## 分层展示
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```{r}
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#| warning: false
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#| fig-alt: |
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#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. Overlaid
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#| on the scatterplot is a single line of best fit displaying the
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#| relationship between these variables for each species (Adelie,
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#| Chinstrap, and Gentoo). Different penguin species are plotted in
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#| different colors and shapes for the points only.
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ggplot(
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data = penguins,
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mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
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) +
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geom_point(mapping = aes(color = species, shape = species)) +
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geom_smooth(method = "lm")
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```
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## 分层展示
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```{r}
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#| warning: false
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#| fig-alt: |
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#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins, with a
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#| line of best fit displaying the relationship between these two variables
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#| overlaid. The plot displays a positive, fairly linear, and relatively
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#| strong relationship between these two variables. Species (Adelie,
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#| Chinstrap, and Gentoo) are represented with different colors and
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#| shapes. The relationship between body mass and flipper length is
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#| roughly the same for these three species, and Gentoo penguins are
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#| larger than penguins from the other two species.
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ggplot(
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data = penguins,
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mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
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) +
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geom_point(aes(color = species, shape = species)) +
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geom_smooth(method = "lm") +
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labs(
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title = "Body mass and flipper length",
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subtitle = "Dimensions for Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo Penguins",
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x = "Flipper length (mm)", y = "Body mass (g)",
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color = "Species", shape = "Species"
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) +
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scale_color_colorblind()
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```
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## 分层展示
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```{r}
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#| echo: false
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#| warning: false
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#| fig-alt: |
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#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins, colored
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#| by bill depth. A smooth curve of the relationship between body mass
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#| and flipper length is overlaid. The relationship is positive,
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#| fairly linear, and moderately strong.
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ggplot(
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data = penguins,
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mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
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) +
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geom_point(aes(color = bill_depth_mm)) +
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geom_smooth()
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```
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## 分层展示
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```{r}
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ggplot(
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data = penguins,
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mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g, color = island)
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) +
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geom_point() +
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geom_smooth(se = FALSE)
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```
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## 分层展示
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```{r}
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ggplot(
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data = penguins,
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mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
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) +
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geom_point() +
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geom_smooth()
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ggplot() +
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geom_point(
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data = penguins,
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mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
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) +
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geom_smooth(
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data = penguins,
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mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
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)
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```
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## 分层展示
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```{r}
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ggplot(
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data = penguins,
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mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)
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) +
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geom_point()
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```
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## 分层展示
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```{r}
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ggplot(penguins, aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +
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geom_point()
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```
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## 柱状图
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```{r}
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#| fig-alt: |
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#| A bar chart of frequencies of species of penguins: Adelie
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#| (approximately 150), Chinstrap (approximately 90), Gentoo
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#| (approximately 125).
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ggplot(penguins, aes(x = species)) +
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geom_bar()
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```
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## 柱状图
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```{r}
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#| fig-alt: |
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#| A bar chart of frequencies of species of penguins, where the bars are
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#| ordered in decreasing order of their heights (frequencies): Adelie
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#| (approximately 150), Gentoo (approximately 125), Chinstrap
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#| (approximately 90).
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ggplot(penguins, aes(x = fct_infreq(species))) +
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geom_bar()
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```
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## 直方图
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```{r}
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#| warning: false
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#| fig-alt: |
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#| A histogram of body masses of penguins. The distribution is unimodal
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#| and right skewed, ranging between approximately 2500 to 6500 grams.
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ggplot(penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g)) +
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geom_histogram(binwidth = 200)
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```
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## 直方图
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```{r}
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#| warning: false
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#| layout-ncol: 2
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#| fig-width: 3
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#| fig-alt: |
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#| Two histograms of body masses of penguins, one with binwidth of 20
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#| (left) and one with binwidth of 2000 (right). The histogram with binwidth
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#| of 20 shows lots of ups and downs in the heights of the bins, creating a
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#| jagged outline. The histogram with binwidth of 2000 shows only three bins.
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ggplot(penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g)) +
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geom_histogram(binwidth = 20)
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ggplot(penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g)) +
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geom_histogram(binwidth = 2000)
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```
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## 密度图
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```{r}
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#| fig-alt: |
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#| A density plot of body masses of penguins. The distribution is unimodal
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#| and right skewed, ranging between approximately 2500 to 6500 grams.
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ggplot(penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g)) +
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geom_density()
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```
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## 箱图
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```{r}
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#| warning: false
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#| fig-alt: |
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#| Side-by-side box plots of distributions of body masses of Adelie,
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#| Chinstrap, and Gentoo penguins. The distribution of Adelie and
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#| Chinstrap penguins' body masses appear to be symmetric with
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#| medians around 3750 grams. The median body mass of Gentoo penguins
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#| is much higher, around 5000 grams, and the distribution of the
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#| body masses of these penguins appears to be somewhat right skewed.
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ggplot(penguins, aes(x = species, y = body_mass_g)) +
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geom_boxplot()
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```
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## 分组
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```{r}
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#| warning: false
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#| fig-alt: |
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#| A density plot of body masses of penguins by species of penguins. Each
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#| species (Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo) is represented with different
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#| colored outlines for the density curves.
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ggplot(penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g, color = species)) +
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geom_density(linewidth = 0.75)
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```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## 分组
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```{r}
|
||
|
|
#| warning: false
|
||
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
||
|
|
#| A density plot of body masses of penguins by species of penguins. Each
|
||
|
|
#| species (Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo) is represented in different
|
||
|
|
#| colored outlines for the density curves. The density curves are also
|
||
|
|
#| filled with the same colors, with some transparency added.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g, color = species, fill = species)) +
|
||
|
|
geom_density(alpha = 0.5)
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## 分组
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```{r}
|
||
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
||
|
|
#| Bar plots of penguin species by island (Biscoe, Dream, and Torgersen)
|
||
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = island, fill = species)) +
|
||
|
|
geom_bar()
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## 分组
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```{r}
|
||
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
||
|
|
#| Bar plots of penguin species by island (Biscoe, Dream, and Torgersen)
|
||
|
|
#| the bars are scaled to the same height, making it a relative frequencies
|
||
|
|
#| plot
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = island, fill = species)) +
|
||
|
|
geom_bar(position = "fill")
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## 分组
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```{r}
|
||
|
|
#| warning: false
|
||
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
||
|
|
#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. The plot
|
||
|
|
#| displays a positive, linear, relatively strong relationship between
|
||
|
|
#| these two variables.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +
|
||
|
|
geom_point()
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## 分组
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```{r}
|
||
|
|
#| warning: false
|
||
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
||
|
|
#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. The plot
|
||
|
|
#| displays a positive, linear, relatively strong relationship between
|
||
|
|
#| these two variables. The points are colored based on the species of the
|
||
|
|
#| penguins and the shapes of the points represent islands (round points are
|
||
|
|
#| Biscoe island, triangles are Dream island, and squared are Torgersen
|
||
|
|
#| island). The plot is very busy and it's difficult to distinguish the shapes
|
||
|
|
#| of the points.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +
|
||
|
|
geom_point(aes(color = species, shape = island))
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## 分面
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```{r}
|
||
|
|
#| warning: false
|
||
|
|
#| fig-width: 8
|
||
|
|
#| fig-asp: 0.33
|
||
|
|
#| fig-alt: |
|
||
|
|
#| A scatterplot of body mass vs. flipper length of penguins. The shapes and
|
||
|
|
#| colors of points represent species. Penguins from each island are on a
|
||
|
|
#| separate facet. Within each facet, the relationship between body mass and
|
||
|
|
#| flipper length is positive, linear, relatively strong.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +
|
||
|
|
geom_point(aes(color = species, shape = species)) +
|
||
|
|
facet_wrap(~island)
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## 分面
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```{r}
|
||
|
|
#| warning: false
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
ggplot(
|
||
|
|
data = penguins,
|
||
|
|
mapping = aes(
|
||
|
|
x = bill_length_mm, y = bill_depth_mm,
|
||
|
|
color = species, shape = species
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
) +
|
||
|
|
geom_point() +
|
||
|
|
labs(color = "Species")
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## 练习
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```{r}
|
||
|
|
#| echo: false
|
||
|
|
#| layout-ncol: 2
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = island, fill = species)) +
|
||
|
|
geom_bar(position = "fill")
|
||
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = species, fill = island)) +
|
||
|
|
geom_bar(position = "fill")
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## 练习
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```{r}
|
||
|
|
#| echo: false
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
ggplot(penguins, aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +
|
||
|
|
geom_point()
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## 练习
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```{r}
|
||
|
|
#| echo: false
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
ggplot(mpg, aes(x = class)) + geom_bar()
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## 练习
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```{r}
|
||
|
|
#| echo: false
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
ggplot(mpg, aes(x = cty, y = hwy)) + geom_point()
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## 练习
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```{r}
|
||
|
|
#| echo: false
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
ggplot(data = mpg) +
|
||
|
|
geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy))
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## 欢迎讨论！{.center}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
`r rmdify::slideend(wechat = FALSE, type = "public", tel = FALSE, thislink = "https://drwater.rcees.ac.cn/course/public/RWEP/@PUB/SD/")`
|
||
|
|
|